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Germany
consists of three major geographical regions-lowland plain in the north, an
area of uplands in the center, and a mountainous region in the south. The
lowlands, called the North German Plain, have a varied topography that
includes several river valleys and a large heath (the Lüneburger Heide). The
lowest elevation point is sea level along the coast, where there are areas
of sand dunes and marshland. Off the coast are several islands, including
the North Frisian Islands and the East Frisian Islands and Helgoland, in the
North Sea, and Fehmarn and Rügen, in the Baltic Sea. The eastern end of the
plain provides particularly rich soil for agriculture. The central uplands
region, the approximate boundaries of which are the latitude of Hannover, in
the north, and the Main River, in the south, encompasses a complex terrain
of low mountains, river valleys, and well-defined basins. The mountains
include the Eifel and Hunsrück in the west, the Taunus and Spessart in the
center, and the Fichtelgebirge in the east. Much of southwestern Germany is
dominated by two branches of the Jura Mountains and a large forest, the
Black Forest, or Schwarzwald. In the extreme south are the Bavarian Alps,
which contain Germany's highest peak, the Zugspitze (2962 m/9718 ft).
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